"No lines sector off the sky so high above, though all the nations of the Earth be bound about with borders."
May Zaideh’s poignant country lost and found
May Zaideh’s poignant country lost and found

May Zaideh’s poignant country lost and found

Of the many cruelties of colonialism, one of the worst was the dissection of colonial possessions as colonialism came to an end. That dissection left lasting wounds which are yet to heal in many parts of the world and the lines drawn on maps in the interests of in faraway capitals still plagues the destiny of millions. May Ziadeh’s life was marked by that kind of history; that kind of geography. This article is dedicated to her poem “Where is My Country?” (عين وطني) published in her collection Shadows and Light (ظلمات وأشعة). The poem is presented below in its original Arabic, with my English translation.

May Ziadeh was born in Nazareth in 1886, at a time when the city was part of the Ottoman Empire. Then, the Empire still stretched around the shores of the Mediterranean from Bosnia to Tripoli (although Egypt was under British occupation). Ziadeh’s mother was born in what is today Syria and her father in what is, today, Lebanon. May completed her high school studies there and, after her family moved to Egypt in 1908, she went on higher education at Cairo University. This part of the world has of course been the scene of tragic and brutal conflicts and violence that continues today, not least in Gaza.

While the colonial context was part of May Ziadeh’s reality, as we shall see, her thoughts are deeper than that, and there are many reasons why she laments that she (unlike any other) is “she without a country.”

Also, while longing for a country, it is clear that she also felt connected beyond any national boundaries and her poem explores the contradictions she experienced. In a document she called her last will and testament she wrote:

“I love you Egypt.

I love you the East.

My soul is yours.

I love the West as well.

I love humanity in its true meaning.

I have compassion for its mistakes and pain and I believe in God.” *

Elsewhere she said:

“… Perhaps my knowledge of nine languages has enlarged the borders of my nationality and led me to look at the whole world as my greater homeland …” **

Her life story is as intriguing as her poetry is evocative. At the height of her career, for around two decades, she established and led a literary salon that became a centre, school almost, for many of the great names in Egyptian literature. She was an early feminist writer and journalist. Later, her life was overcome by tragedy. Her poem follows.

Shadows and Light, May Ziadeh’s collection of poetry from which this work comes, is now available for the first time in English translation.

Where is my country?

أين وطني؟

When the names of the countries were made known,

I wrote down the name of my country, and pressing it to my lips, I kissed it.

And with pride, its every pain I counted, for now, I too had a country, a home.

But then, there arose many questions, and details and problems for which there were no solutions.

عندما ذاعت أسماء الوطنيات.

كتبت اسم وطني ووضعت عليه شفتيَّ أقبِّلهُ.

وأحصيت آلامه مفاخرة بأن لي كذوي الأوطان وطنًا.

ثم جاء دور الشرح والتفصيل فألممت بالمشاكل التي لا تحل.

And I bowed my head in thought.

And in an instant, those thoughts changed into feelings.

And I felt crushing humiliation.

Because I, unlike any other, was she without a country.

وحنيت جبهتي وأنشأت أفكر.

وما لبث أن انقلب التفكير فيَّ شعورًا.

فشعرت بانسحاق عميق يُذلُّني.

لأني، دون سواي، تلك التي لا وطن لها.

In the morning, the bugle call of occupying armies awakens me. The brazen blast of their trumpets is a troubling melody evoking tears of alienation; it is a paean of courage crushed, of loathing triumphant, which in an instant bends unity and determination towards forgetfulness of a heritage and resilience, bends it towards an overpowering humiliation.

يوقظني في الصباح نفير الجيوش المودعة. ولدوي أبواق النحاس أنغام تثقلها دموع الفراق، وأهازيج يُجنحها طلب التفادي والاستبسال، فأمقت الظافرين، وأودُّ لحظة أن أتوحد وإياهم لأنسى في ثروتهم فقري، وفي بطشهم هواني.

In the morning, the bugle call of occupying armies awakens me. The brazen blast of their trumpets is a melancholy melody evoking only tears of alienation. It is the victory song of courage crushed, of loathing triumphant, yet for an instant I long to be one with them; in their wealth to forget my poverty and in their domination my humiliation.

وإذ تمرُّ مواكب الأمم المظلومة منكِّسة أعلامها وراء نعوش الشهداء، وهتاف الحرية والاستقلال يتغلب على أنين الثكل والتفجع منها، أعتز لأني ابنة شعب في حالة التكون والارتفاع، لا تابعة شعب تكوَّن وارتفع ولم يبق أمامه سوى الانحدار.

And when the parade of the oppressed nations passes by, flags lowered behind the coffins of their dead, their cries for freedom and independence overwhelm their laments of torment and of loss, and I take pride that I am a daughter of a newborn people, not of a people whose glory is past and whose only destiny is decline.

وإذ تمرُّ مواكب الأمم المظلومة منكِّسة أعلامها وراء نعوش الشهداء، وهتاف الحرية والاستقلال يتغلب على أنين الثكل والتفجع منها، أعتز لأني ابنة شعب في حالة التكون والارتفاع، لا تابعة شعب تكوَّن وارتفع ولم يبق أمامه سوى الانحدار.

And yet, that same newborn people murmur whispers that echo within my ears, and they say: “You are not one of us because you are of another faith.” And they whisper: “You are not one of us because you are of another race.”

ولكن الشعوب تهمس همسًا يطرق مسمعي، فهؤلاء يقولون: «أنتِ لستِ منَّا لأنك من طائفة أخرى.» ويقول أولئك: «أنتِ لستِ منا لأنك من جنس آخر.»

So why, am I, unlike any other, she without a country?

فلماذا أكون، دون سواي، تلك التي لا وطن لها؟

•••

I was born in a country, my father is from a country, my mother is from a country, and I live in a country. The spirit of my being wanders from country to country. So to which country do I belong? And which of them shall I defend?

ولدتُ في بلد، وأبي من بلد، وأمي من بلد، وسكني في بلد، وأشباح نفسي تنتقل من بلد إلى بلد، فلأي هذه البلدان أنتمي، وعن أي هذه البلدان أدافع؟

The dead pass on, leaving their descendants a material and spiritual heritage; a blessing to them, raising up their honor and preserving their traditions. As for me, nothing is left to me of my forebears save the weight of the shackles upon my neck and about my wrists; and if I seek to escape and cast off that weight, the chains still drag my feet, and I fall upon the road to crucifixion, and the rattle of my chains draw the pointing fingers of malice and mockery, and no merciful hand reaches out to aid or comfort me.

يمضي الموتى تاركين للأحفاد وراثات حسيَّة ومعنوية ينعمون بها، وشرفًا قوميًّا يعززونه، وتقاليد يحافظون عليها. أما أنا فلم يبق لي من آثار موتاي سوى الأثقال المعلقة في يدي وعنقي؛ أثقال إذا حاولت طرحها والفرار جرَّت قدماي ما هو أثقل منها، فهبطتُ على طريق جلجلتي تشير نحوي أصابع المتشفِّين الساخرين، وليس من يد رحيمة تعين وتؤاسي.

As to the possessions left me by my departed, strangers have seized them, and even if they had relinquished them to my kin, that kin would have used it to control me; and they are those who insult me with insolence and expound on what they consider to be my imperfections, and with foul and lethargic envy begrudge me that which I have purchased with tears and torment.

وأما متاع موتاي فاستولى عليه أولئك الأباعد،

ولو تخلوا عنه لتحكم بي هؤلاء الأقارب الذين عيَّرتني منهم القحة بصفات انقلبت عندهم عيوبًا،

وأنكر عليَّ الحسد منهم والخمول حقَّ التمتع بما اشتريته بالجهود والعبرات.

In what language may the people and I understand each other? What are the bonds between us? Should I confine myself to the speech of my community, which they say is not mine and was not created for the likes of me? Or do I content myself with the language of foreigners, in whose eyes I am a trespasser? Shall I defend old traditions opposed by the progressive, or should I accept modern ways and so become a target for the barbs of the conservative?

بأي اللهجات أتفاهم والناس، وبأي الروابط أرتبط؟ أأتقيد بلغة جماعتي وهي، على زعمهم، ليست لي ولم توجد لأمثالي؟ أم أكتفي بلغة الغرباء وأنا في نظرهم متهجِّمة عليها؟ أأصون عادات قديمة يحاربها اليوم الناهضون، أم أقبل الأساليب الحديثة فأكون لسهام المحافظين هدفًا؟

If I praise tyrants to attain the necessities of life, they cry worshipper of the dust, you have fouled your brow with the filth of flattery, and if I make of myself a blade of truth, and of pride a fortress, an iron hand scourges me, and the tongues of the ‘brothers’ shred me, and the ‘sincere’ abandon me; for they exist only to serve themselves.

إذا جاملت العتيَّ توصلًا إلى ما لا غنى عنه قالوا عبدة تمرِّغ جبهتها في التراب وتتزلَّف، وإذا جعلت لي من المصارحة سلاحًا، ومن الأنَفَة حصنًا، سطت عليَّ اليدُ الحديدية، ومزقتني ألسنة «الإخوان»، وانفضَّ من حولي «المخلصون»؛ لأنهم إنما خلقوا لمساعدة نفوسهم.

Why has destiny made me the daughter of a country lacking the prerequisites of nationhood? And why am I she without a country?

•••

فلماذا قُدِّر عليَّ أن أكون ابنة وطن تنقصه شروط الوطنية، فأمسي تلك التي لا وطن لها؟

•••

Each nation speaks of its greatness; the contributions of its civilization and its excellence in protecting the rights of the weak. So which nation should I admire?

كل أمة تحدِّث عن عظمتها وفضلها على المدنيَّة ونبلها في صيانة حقوق الضعفاء، فبأي الأمم أعجب؟

Every nation — proclaiming its uniqueness — protects the temple of freedom — and defends justice, equality and fraternity; so in which nation should I trust?

وكل أمة — دون سواها — تحمي ذمار الحرية، وتذود عن العدل والمساواة والإخاء، فعلى أي الأمم أتكل؟

And every faith — claims uniquely — for its followers the exclusive right of honor and virtue in life, and sole access to heaven and divinity after death; so which faith should I profess?

وكل دين — دون سواه — احتكر لأتباعه الشرف والفضيلة في الحياة، والسماء والألوهية بعد الممات؛ فأي الأديان أعتنق؟

And every political movement invokes honesty and infallibility, and everyone holds it right that individual interest should be sacrificed for the general good. So which movement should I trust and which leader should I follow?

وكل حزب يدَّعي الصدق والعصمة، وكل فرد صائب الرأي يضحي الخير الخاص للخير العام، فأي الأحزاب أصدِّق؟ وأي الأفراد أتَّبع؟

Never have I heard a land described, but I yearned for it in my heart. 

ما سمعت وصف بلاد إلا سعى إليها اشتياقي.

And I never heard recounted the courage and greatness of a nation but that I wished it was my nation.

ولا حُدِّثت عن بسالة أمة وسؤددها إلا تمنيتها أمتي.

And never have I hearkened to the voice of a people except that I thought it was the voice of my hope and of my despair.

ولا أصغيت إلى صوت قوم إلا خلته صوت يأسي وأملي.

And never have I seen shortcoming or pride in a people but I saw it mirrored in my pride and my shortcoming.

ولا تبينت عيوب شعب ومفاخره إلا أدركتها صورة مفاخري وعيوبي.

And never has any sect accused another of fanaticism and extremism, but I found within me that same fanaticism and extremism.

ولا رمت طائفة طائفةً بالتعصب والمغالاة إلا وجدت فيَّ هذه المغالاة وذاك التعصب.

And never have I imagined the vastness of the plains and the heavens, the deserts and the seas, the stars and the world but longing flamed within my heart as if they were my homeland at homecoming or the songs of my childhood returning, and waiting there for me were the hearts of my beloved.

ولا تخيلت مسافات الأرض وأبعاد الفلك والصحاري والبحار والكواكب والعوالم إلا اهتاجني الحنين إليها كأنها أوطان يردد هواؤها ترنيمة طفولتي، وتنتظرني فيها قلوب الأحباب والخلان.

Yet if the power of my love is torn asunder in heedless madness, why does the power of my despair gather, deep and piercing; and I, unlike any other, am she without a country?

أمَّا وقوى إعزازي تتوزَّع باستهتار وجنون، فلماذا تتجمع قوى اكتئابي عميقة مرهفة؛ لأني أنا وحدي في الدنيا، تلك التي لا وطن لها؟

The zephyrs of my homeland mingles prophecy and revelation.

بنسيم وطني امتزج الوحي والنبوءات.

And the rays of the sun shine on her, proclaiming her beauty.

ومع أشعة الشمس فيه انتشرت صور الجمال.

For her life still smolders brightly beneath her frozen facade of petrification and desolation, and the visions of the gods wander eternally over her in slow and measured meditation.

فكانت له حياة وهَّاجة متلظية وراء مظاهر الجمود والهجران وخيالات الآلهة تسيرُ أبدًا فيه متمهلة متأملة.

At break of day, from the peaks and the valleys, from barren stones and flowing springs, from forests and grasslands, rises my country’s spirit, and at dusk the souls of all things gather, as if taking turns in building new worlds.

من القمم والأودية، من الصخور والينابيع، من الأحراج والمروج تتعالى معاني بلادي في الضحى، وعند الشفق تتكامل أرواحُ الأشياء وتتجمهر كأنها تتداول في إنشاء عوالم جديدة.

I love the fragrance of the ancestors’ dust and the scent of the earth caressed by the plowshare. I love the pebbles and the sward, and the drops of water seeking shelter in the cracks of the bedrock of the earth.

أحبُّ عطور تربة الجدود ورائحة الأرض التي دغدغها المحراث منذ حين، أحب الحصى والأعشاب، وقطرات الماء الملتجئة إلى شقوق الأصلاد.

I love the trees with their deep shadows; whether veiled in the depths of the wadis or in luminous solitude above the distant sea.

وأحب الأشجار ذات الظل الوارف؛ أكانت محجوبة في أحشاء الوادي أم أسفرت مشرقة على البحر البعيد.

I love the rough pathways concealed in the heart of the forest, and their winding like white serpents on the sides of the mountains, and that long way extending, extending as if its golden dust ends in the disk of the sun.

وأحب الطرق الوعرة المتوارية في قلب الغاب، وتلك المتلوية على أكتاف الجبال كالأفاعي البيضاء، وتلك السبل الطويلة الممتدة الممتدة وكأن الغبار الذهبي منها ينتهي إلى قرص الشمس.

But is the love of such things enough to make them our own? And despite my endless love for my country, I remain hunted and homeless: she without a country.

ولكن أيكفي أن نحب شيئًا ليصير لنا؟ وهكذا رغم حبي الأفيح أنا في وطني تلك الشريدة الطريدة لا وطن لها.

Two kinds of patriotism I tried: the patriotism of ideas, of taste, of inclinations.

جرَّبتُ من الوطنيات صنوفًا: وطنية الأفكار والأذواق والميول.

And that holy and perfect patriotism: the nationality of love.

وتلك الوطنية القدسية المثلى: وطنية القلوب.

I found in that realm of spirit what I knew in the realm of feelings.

فوجدتُ في عالم المعنى ما عرفته في عالم الحس.

And in a place far distant, I discerned the image of transcendent things.

إلا بقعة بعيدة تفرَّدت فيها الصور وتسامت المعاني.

The children of my country have educated me; as the children of other lands have enriched me.

ثقَّفني أبناءُ وطني، وأدَّبني أبناء الأوطان الأخرى.

The children of my country have brought me joy; as have strangers from other lands.

وأسعدني أبناء وطني، وأسعدني الغرباءُ أيضًا.

And my compatriots have no distinction in that they have deepened my wounds.

ولا ميزة لأبناء وطني في أنهم أوسعوني إيلامًا.

For foreigners have also inflicted on me many pains.

فقد نالني من الغرباء أذًى كثير.

So in what balance should I weigh the children of my land?

فبأي الأقيسة أقيس أبناء الوطن؟

And why am I, unlike any other, she who knows not where to find her country?

ولماذا أكون أنا وحدي تلك التي لا تدري أين وطنها؟

•••

O blessed ones who have a nation and a people, reveal to me your happiness and embrace me within its circle!

أيها السعداء ذوي الأهل والأوطان، عرِّفوا لي سعادتكم وأشركوني فيها!

For a time I was satisfied that knowledge, philosophy, poetry and art belonged to no country. But today, I have come to know that the learned, the philosophers, the poets and the artists have a country. I have come to know the weakness of men who incline to sleep and repose and seek a bed of ease for their tired bodies, rather than the vast expanses which consume them with heat and cold, rather than the violent sea which devours them in its abyss.

رضيتُ حينًا بأنه ليس للعلم والفلسفة والشعر والفن من وطن. أما اليوم فصرتُ أعلم أن للعالم والفيلسوف والشاعر والفنان وطنًا. صرت أعرف ضعف الإنسان الذي إذا مال إلى النوم والراحة طلب مضجعًا ناعمًا لجسمه المضنى، لا مرجًا واسعًا يتناوله منه الحر والبرد، ولا بحرًا عرمرمًا تبتلعه منه اللجج.

I worship your silent brokenness, O Philosopher of Old, you who long ago discovered the essence of knowledge and wonder, who sent forth your sighs: a lament across the aeons and said: “I seek a friend for whom to sacrifice my life.”

إني أعبد تفطُّرك الصامت، أيها الفيلسوف القديم، أنت الذي بعد أن اكتشفت آيات الفكر وعجائبه، أرسلت زفرة كأنها شكوى الدهور فقلت: إنما أريد صديقًا لأموت لأجله.

I kneel now before your memory and echo the spirit of your words: I desire only a country for which to die; a country by which to live!

وأنا أجثو الآن خاشعة أمام ذكرك مردِّدة ما يشبه قولك: إنما أريد وطنًا لأموت لأجله أو لأحيا به!


* From May Ziadeh’s will, Al Jazeera documentary May Ziade: The Life of an Arab Feminist Writer

** Cited in Joseph T. Zeidan, Arab Women Novelists: The Formative Years and Beyond, (State University of New York Press, 1995), p 74

Image

A beautiful hiking view over Aakkar El Aatiqa, Ali Hamada https://unsplash.com/photos/a-landscape-with-trees-and-water-0O2NJiYtP7w

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